Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Physiotherapists Regarding Evidence-Based Practice: Cross Sectional Survey

Abstract

Background: Evidence-based practice is central to high-quality physiotherapy care, integrating research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences. Despite its recognized importance, the extent to which evidence-based practice is understood and implemented by physiotherapists in developing healthcare systems remains insufficiently explored at a national level.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physiotherapists regarding evidence-based practice in Pakistan and to examine factors influencing its clinical application.

Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted across major provinces of Pakistan over an eight-month period. Licensed physiotherapists with at least one year of clinical experience were recruited from hospitals, academic institutions, and private clinics. Data were collected using a validated, self-administered questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to evidence-based practice on a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and domain scores. Independent sample t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were applied, assuming normal data distribution, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: A total of 452 physiotherapists were included in the final analysis. The mean knowledge score was 3.42 ± 0.61, attitude score was 3.87 ± 0.54, and practice score was 3.09 ± 0.67. While most participants demonstrated positive attitudes toward evidence-based practice, fewer reported consistent application in routine care. Knowledge showed a moderate positive correlation with practice (r = 0.46, p < 0.001). Time constraints and limited access to research literature were the most commonly reported barriers.

Conclusion: Physiotherapists in Pakistan exhibited favorable perceptions of evidence-based practice but demonstrated limited integration into clinical practice. Targeted educational strategies and institutional support may facilitate improved adoption of evidence-based physiotherapy nationwide.

Keywords: Attitude, Evidence-Based Practice, Knowledge, Pakistan, Physiotherapy, Professional Practice, Survey